Journal
NEOPLASIA
Volume 16, Issue 12, Pages 1107-1120Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.10.005
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Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2012R1A1A2007267, NRF-2012R1A5A2048183, 2012R1A1A2004721]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2012R1A1A2004721, 2012R1A1A2007267] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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B-RafV600E oncogene mutation occurs most commonly in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and is associated with tumor initiation. However, a genetic modification by B-RafV600E in thyrocytes results in oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). In the present study, we explored the factors involved in the senescence overcome program in PTC. First of all, we observed down-regulation of p-extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and up-regulation of dual specific phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) in the PTC with B-RafV600E mutation. DUSP6 overexpression in vitro induced extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 dephosphorylation and inhibited B-RafV600E-induced senescence in thyrocytes. Although DUSP6 protein was degraded by B-RafV600E-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stabilized DUSP6 protein by increasing Mn superoxide dismutase expression and inhibited B-RafV600E-induced senescence. Although serum TSH was not increased, its receptor was markedly upregulated in PTC with B-RafV600E. Furthermore, TSH together with DUSP6 reactivated Ras signaling, resulted in activation of Ras/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, and stabilized c-Myc protein by inhibiting its degradation. These observations led us to conclude that increased TSH signaling overcomes OIS and is essential for B-RafV600E-induced papillary thyroid carcinogenesis.
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