Journal
JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
Volume 35, Issue -, Pages 526-537Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.08.008
Keywords
3D printing; Extrusion; Fused filament fabrication (FFF); Thermoplastic polymers; Viscoelastic model
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Manufacturing Office [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
- UT-Battelle, LLC
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This article presents a practical model for evaluating polymer feedstock materials as candidates for 3D printing across a variety of extrusion-based platforms. In order for a material to be successfully utilized for 3D printing operations, a series of fundamental conditions must be met. First, pressure-driven extrusion must occur through a given diameter nozzle at a specified flow rate. Second, the extruded material must form and sustain the desired shape. Third, the extruded structure must be able to bridge a specified gap and serve as a mechanically sound foundation for successive deposits. Finally, the deposited structure must be dimensionally stable during the transition to the final state (i.e. fully cured at room temperature). This article presents a framework for extrusionbased printing and a simple viscoelastic model for each of these conditions based on the rheological and thermophysical properties of the candidate material and the processing parameters of the extrusion-based deposition platform. The model is demonstrated to be a useful tool for the evaluation of example test cases including: high temperature thermoplastics (polyphenylsulfone), fiber reinforced thermoplastics (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), low-viscosity thermosets (epoxy resins), and thermoplastics with a high coefficient of thermal expansion (polypropylene).
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