Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 5, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00147
Keywords
CD14(+)HLA-DRlo/neg; MDSC; dendritic cells; immunotherapy; monocytes
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Dendritic cells are an important target in cancer immunotherapy based on their critical role in antigen presentation and response to tumor development. The capacity of dendritic cells to stimulate ant-tumor immunity has led investigators to use these cells to mediate anti-tumor responses in a number of clinical trials. However, these trials have had mixed results. The typical method for generation of ex vivo dendrite cells starts with the purification of CD14(+) cells. Our studies identified a deficiency in the ability to generate mature dendritic cell using CD14+ cells from cancer patients that corresponded with an increased population of monocytes with altered surface marker expression (CD14(+)HLA-DRlo/neg). Further studies identified systemic immune suppression and increased concentrations of CD14(+)HLA-DRlo/neg monocytes capable of inhibiting T-cell proliferation and DC maturation. Together, these findings strongly suggest that protocols aimed at immune stimulation via monocytes/dendritic cells, if optimized on normal monocytes or in systems without these suppressive monocytes, are unlikely to engender effective DC maturation in vitro or efficiently trigger DC maturation in vivo. This highlights the importance of developing optimal protocols for stimulating DCs in the context of significantly altered monocyte phenotypes often seen in cancer patients.
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