Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 5, Issue -, Pages 1-5Publisher
FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00512
Keywords
immunotherapy; gamma delta T cells; cancer; antigen-presenting cells; vaccine
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Funding
- CR-UK
- MRC Confidence in Concept scheme
- Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award
- Tenovus Cancer Care [PhD2011/L22] Funding Source: researchfish
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Immunotherapy is a fast advancing methodology involving one of two approaches:(1) compounds targeting immune checkpoints and (2) cellular immunomodulators. The latter approach is still largely experimental and features in vitro generated, live immune effector cells, or antigen-presenting cells. gamma delta T cells are known for their efficient in vitro tumor killing activities. Consequently, many laboratories world wide are currently testing the tumor killing function of gamma delta T cells in clinical trials. Reported benefits are modest; however, these studies have demonstrated that large gamma delta T-cell infusions were well tolerated. Here, we discuss the potential of using human gamma delta T cells not as effector cells but as a novel cellular vaccine for treatment of cancer patients. Antigen-presenting gamma delta T cells do not require to home to tumor tissues but, instead, need to interact with endogenous, tumor-specific alpha beta T cells in secondary lymphoid tissues. Newly mobilized effector alpha beta T cells are then thought to overcome the immune blockade by creating proinflammatory conditions fit for effector T-cell homing to and killing of tumor cells. Immunotherapy may include tumor antigen-loaded gamma delta T cells alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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