Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 4, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00440
Keywords
PYRIN domain; innate immunity; pattern recognition receptor; Nod-like receptor; NLR; AIM2-like receptor; ALR; inflammasome
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [GM071723, HL097183, AI092490, AI099009, AR064349, AR057532]
- American Heart Association [12GRNT12080035]
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R21HL097183] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R01AI099009, R21AI092490] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SKIN DISEASES [R03AR057532, R01AR064349] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [R01GM071723] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sense a wide range of endogenous dangerassociated molecular patterns as well as exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In particular, Nod-like receptors containing a pyrin domain (PYD), called NLRPs, and AIM2-like receptors (ALRs) have been shown to play a critical role in host defense by facilitating clearance of pathogens and maintaining a healthy gut microflora. NLRPs and ALRs both encode a PYD, which is crucial for relaying signals that result in an efficient innate immune response through activation of several key innate immune signaling pathways. However, mutations in these PRRs have been linked to the development of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In addition, they have been implicated in metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize the function of PYD-containing NLRPs and ALRs and address their contribution to innate immunity, host defense, and immune-linked diseases.
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