Journal
EXPERT REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
Volume 7, Issue 5, Pages 515-531Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2013.838020
Keywords
asthma; bronchoconstriction; child; infant; perinatal; remodeling; wheezing
Categories
Funding
- NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL088029, R01 HL056470, T32 HL105355] Funding Source: Medline
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Wheezing and asthma are significant clinical problems for infants and young children, particularly following premature birth. Recurrent wheezing in infants can progress to persistent asthma. As in adults, altered airway structure (remodeling) and function (increased bronchoconstriction) are also important in neonatal and pediatric airway diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that airway disease in children is influenced by perinatal factors including perturbations in normal fetal lung development, postnatal interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU) and environmental and other insults in the neonatal period. Here, in addition to genetics, maternal health, environmental processes, innate immunity and impaired lung development/function can all influence pathogenesis of airway disease in children. We summarize current understanding of how prenatal and postnatal factors can contribute to development of airway diseases in neonates and children. Understanding these mechanisms will help identify and develop novel therapies for childhood airway diseases.
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