Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 55-59Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/ez400117d
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [CBET 1232619]
- Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPAE), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AR0000306]
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship
- Environment and Water Industrial Development Council of Singapore
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [1232619] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) has the potential to generate sustainable energy from salinity gradients. PRO is typically considered for operation with river water and seawater, but a far greater energy of mixing can be harnessed from hypersaline solutions. This study investigates the power density that can be obtained in PRO from such concentrated solutions. Thin-film composite membranes with an embedded woven mesh were supported by tricot fabric feed spacers in a specially designed crossflow cell to maximize the operating pressure of the system, reaching a stable applied hydraulic pressure of 48 bar (700 psi) for more than 10 h. Operation at this increased hydraulic pressure allowed unprecedented power densities, up to 60 W/m(2) with a 3 M (180 g/L) NaCl draw solution. Experimental power densities demonstrate reasonable agreement with power densities modeled using measured membrane properties, indicating high-pressure operation does not drastically alter membrane performance. Our findings exhibit the promise of the generation of power from high-pressure PRO with concentrated solutions.
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