Journal
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
Volume 8, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/app8091616
Keywords
cellular blood flow; cytoplasmic viscosity contrast; red blood cells; cell mechanics; immersed boundary method; lattice Boltzmann method
Categories
Funding
- European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [675451]
- CompBioMed project
- ComPat project [671564]
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Netherlands Organization for Science Research, NWO)
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In-silico cellular models of blood are invaluable to gain understanding about the many interesting properties that blood exhibits. However, numerical investigations that focus on the effects of cytoplasmic viscosity in these models are not very prevalent. We present a parallelised method to implement cytoplasmic viscosity for HemoCell, an open-source cellular model based on immersed boundary lattice Boltzmann methods, using an efficient ray-casting algorithm. The effects of the implementation are investigated with single-cell simulations focusing on the deformation in shear flow, the migration due to wall induced lift forces, the characteristic response time in periodic stretching and pair collisions between red blood cells and platelets. Collective transport phenomena are also investigated in many-cell simulations in a pressure driven channel flow. The simulations indicate that the addition of a viscosity contrast between internal and external fluids significantly affects the deformability of a red blood cell, which is most pronounced during very short time-scale events. Therefore, modelling the cytoplasmic viscosity contrast is important in scenarios with high velocity deformation, typically high shear rate flows.
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