Journal
NANOMATERIALS
Volume 8, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nano8090722
Keywords
multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles; chlorin e6; folic acid; in vivo penetration depth; cancer cell targeting
Categories
Funding
- Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) - Ministry of Science ICT [NRF-2015M3A9E2066855, NRF-2015M3A9E2066856]
- Kwangwoon University
- National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF 2017R1D1A3B03027857]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2017R1D1A3B03027857, 2015M3A9E2066855, 2015M3A9E2066856] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative to conventional cancer treatment methods. Nonetheless, improvement of in vivo light penetration and cancer cell-targeting efficiency remain major challenges in clinical photodynamic therapy. This study aimed to develop multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with a photosensitizer (PS) and cancer-targeting molecules via a simple surface modification process for PDT. To selectively target cancer cells and PDT functionality, core magnetic (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were covalently bound with chlorin e6 (Ce6) as a PS and folic acid (FA). When irradiated with a 660-nm long-wavelength light source, the Fe3O4-Ce6-FA nanoparticles with good biocompatibility exerted marked anticancer effects via apoptosis, as confirmed by analyzing the translocation of the plasma membrane, nuclear fragmentation, activities of caspase-3/7 in prostate (PC-3) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. Ce6, used herein as a PS, is thus more useful for PDT because of its ability to produce a high singlet oxygen quantum yield, which is owed to deep penetration by virtue of its long-wavelength absorption band; however, further in vivo studies are required to verify its biological effects for clinical applications.
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