Journal
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
Volume 1, Issue 4, Pages 180-187Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2012.06.002
Keywords
Neuromyelitis optica; Aquaporin 4; lmmunosuppression; Optic neuritis; Transverse myelitis; NMO treatment
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Funding
- Doris Duke Clinical Scientist Development Award
- Doris Duke Charitable Foundation [2009036]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [22229008] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease preferentially targeting the optic nerves and spinal cord. Once regarded as a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS), NMO is now recognized to be a different disease with unique pathology and immunopathogenesis that does not respond to traditional MS immunomodulators such as interferons. Preventive therapy in NMO has focused on a range of immunosuppressive medications, none of which have been validated in a rigorous randomized trial. However, multiple retrospective and a few recent prospective studies have provided evidence for the use of six medications for the prevention of NMO exacerbations: azathioprine, rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil, prednisone, methotrexate and mitoxantrone. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of each of these medications in NMO and concludes with a set of recommended consensus practices. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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