Journal
FRONTIERS OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 72-86Publisher
HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS
DOI: 10.1007/s11706-014-0234-z
Keywords
miRNA; bone protein extract (BPE); recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2); autograft
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Funding
- National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program) [2012CB619100]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2013M531876]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [U0732001, 81000676, 81171682, 81071512]
- Fabrikant Mads Clausens Foundation
- Chinese Government [AM14:29NNP14]
- Danish Government [AM14:29NNP14]
- Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars by State Education Ministry [2009-136, 2011-508]
- Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China [20100171110054]
- High-level Talented People Project for Higher Education Institutions of Guangdong Province [80000-3210002]
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The precise mechanism of bone regeneration in different bone graft substitutes has been well studied in recent researches. However, miRNAs regulation of the bone formation has been always mysterious. We developed the anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) model in pigs using equine bone protein extract (BPE), recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS), and autograft as bone graft substitute, respectively. The miRNA and gene expression profiles of different bone graft materials were examined using microarray technology and data analysis, including self-organizing maps, KEGG pathway and Biological process GO analyses. We then jointly analyzed miRNA and mRNA profiles of the bone fusion tissue at different time points respectively. Results showed that miRNAs, including let-7, miR-129, miR-21, miR-133, miR-140, miR-146, miR-184, and miR-224, were involved in the regulation of the immune and inflammation response, which provided suitable inflammatory microenvironment for bone formation. At late stage, several miRNAs directly regulate SMAD4, Estrogen receptor 1 and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C for bone formation. It can be concluded that miRNAs play important roles in balancing the inflammation and bone formation.
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