Journal
JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE
Volume 32, Issue 7, Pages 429-435Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0885066615618189
Keywords
opioid; intensive care unit; chronic pain
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Funding
- Capital Health Research Grant [REB 2014-203]
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Purpose: To describe opioid use before and after intensive care unit (ICU) admission and to identify factors associated with chronic opioid use upto 4 years after ICU discharge. Methods: Retrospective review of adult patients admitted to the ICU at a tertiary care center between January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2008. We defined nonuser, intermittent, and chronic opioid status by abstinence, use in <70%, and >70% of days for a given time period, respectively. We assessed opioid use at 3 months prior to ICU admission, at discharge, and annually for upto 4 years following ICU discharge. Results: A total of 2595 ICU patients were included for surgical (48.6%), medical (38.4%), and undetermined (13%) indications. The study population included both elective (26.9%) and emergent (73.1%) admissions. Three months prior to ICU admission, 76.9% were nonusers, 16.9% used opioids intermittently, and 6.2% used opioids chronically. We found an increase in nonuser patients from 87.8% in the early post-ICU period to 95.6% at 48-month follow-up. Consequently, intermittent and chronic opioid use dropped to 8.6% and 3.6% at discharge and 2.6% and 1.8% at 48-month follow-up, respectively. Prolonged hospital length of stay was associated with chronic opioid use. Conclusion: Admission to ICU and duration of ICU stay were not associated with chronic opioid use.
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