Journal
CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER
Volume 32, Issue 1, Pages 21-30Publisher
SUN YAT SEN UNIV MED SCI WHO
DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10245
Keywords
DNA methylation; histone modification; microRNA (miRNA); epigenetics; colorectal cancer (CRC); field defect
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Funding
- National Basic Research Program (973 Program) [2012CB934002, 2010CB912802]
- National Key Scientific instrument Special Programme of China [2011YQ03013405]
- National Science Foundation of China [81121004, 81071953]
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Epigenetic changes frequently occur in human colorectal cancer. Genomic global hypomethylation, gene promoter region hypermethylation, histone modifications, and alteration of miRNA patterns are major epigenetic changes in colorectal cancer. Loss of imprinting (LOI) is associated with colorectal neoplasia. Folate deficiency may cause colorectal carcinogenesis by inducing gene-specific hypermethylation and genomic global hypomethylation. HDAC inhibitors and demethylating agents have been approved by the FDA for myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemia treatment. Non-coding RNA is regarded as another kind of epigenetic marker in colorectal cancer. This review is mainly focused on DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA changes in colorectal cancer.
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