Journal
IUCRJ
Volume 2, Issue -, Pages 409-420Publisher
INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
DOI: 10.1107/S2052252515008969
Keywords
XFEL; P-type ATPases; ligand screening; serial femtosecond crystallography
Funding
- LCLS Ultrafast Science Instruments (LUSI) project - DOE, OBES
- Danish Research Council for Independent Research - Natural Sciences [0602-02495b]
- PUMPkin Centre - Danish National Research Foundation
- ERC
- Danish Council for Independent Research in Medical Sciences
- Max Planck Society
- National Danish Research Council - Sapere Aude
- NSF [1231306]
- Novo Nordisk Fonden [NNF12OC0002082] Funding Source: researchfish
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Membrane proteins are key players in biological systems, mediating signalling events and the specific transport of e.g. ions and metabolites. Consequently, membrane proteins are targeted by a large number of currently approved drugs. Understanding their functions and molecular mechanisms is greatly dependent on structural information, not least on complexes with functionally or medically important ligands. Structure determination, however, is hampered by the difficulty of obtaining well diffracting, macroscopic crystals. Here, the feasibility of X-ray free-electron-laser-based serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) for the structure determination of membrane protein-ligand complexes using microcrystals of various native-source and recombinant P-type ATPase complexes is demonstrated. The data reveal the binding sites of a variety of ligands, including lipids and inhibitors such as the hallmark P-type ATPase inhibitor orthovanadate. By analyzing the resolution dependence of ligand densities and overall model qualities, SFX data quality metrics as well as suitable refinement procedures are discussed. Even at relatively low resolution and multiplicity, the identification of ligands can be demonstrated. This makes SFX a useful tool for ligand screening and thus for unravelling the molecular mechanisms of biologically active proteins.
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