Nutrient constraint and yield potential of rice on upland soil in the south of the Dahoumey gap of West Africa

With the objective of improving rice productivity and generating additional knowledge on rice production in Africa, field experiments were conducted for two consecutive seasons of 2005 and 2006 in Southern Benin. Terre de barre soils at the WARDA experimental station and Niaouli, and the plinthic Ferralsols of Cana were investigated. A complete fertilizer (Fc) composed of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn was used to assess NERICA. 4 (upland rice) root development and grain yield (GY). Similar observations were made in treatments with a specific nutrient excluded from Fc (Fc-N, Fc-P, Fc-K, Fc-Ca, Fc-Mg and Fc-Zn). A grain yield of up to 1.4 t ha(-1) (Fc-N) and higher root densities for Fc and Fc-Mg at 20-60 cm were attained. Maximum reductions in yield and rooting depth were observed for Fc-P (27%, 27%), Fc-K (30%, 14%) and Fc-Zn (32%, 2%). Drought occurrence, a high C/N ratio and soil acidity influence the effects of nutrients on rice. Removal of N from basal fertilizer was recommended to reduce the effect of mid-season drought. It is suggested that the critical level of K in the soils of West Africa be adjusted to 0.40 cmol kg(-1) for upland rice.