Journal
SUSTAINABILITY
Volume 4, Issue 12, Pages 3248-3259Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/su4123248
Keywords
extreme events; general resilience; polycentric governance; resilience; social-ecological system
Funding
- Kjell and Marta Beijer Foundation
- Formas
- Mistra
- NSF
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Division Of Earth Sciences [1038759] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Resilience to specified kinds of disasters is an active area of research and practice. However, rare or unprecedented disturbances that are unusually intense or extensive require a more broad-spectrum type of resilience. General resilience is the capacity of social-ecological systems to adapt or transform in response to unfamiliar, unexpected and extreme shocks. Conditions that enable general resilience include diversity, modularity, openness, reserves, feedbacks, nestedness, monitoring, leadership, and trust. Processes for building general resilience are an emerging and crucially important area of research.
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