Journal
NEURAL PLASTICITY
Volume 2014, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
HINDAWI LTD
DOI: 10.1155/2014/610343
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Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [BFU2012-32089]
- Basque Government [SAF2012-40085, Saiotek S-PC 12UN014]
- Iker-basque start-up funds
- Banting Research Foundation
- Scottish Rite Charitable Foundation of Canada
- Universite Laval
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Quebec
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Microglia cells are the major orchestrator of the brain inflammatory response. As such, they are traditionally studied in various contexts of trauma, injury, and disease, where they are well-known for regulating a wide range of physiological processes by their release of proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and trophic factors, among other crucial mediators. In the last few years, however, this classical view of microglia was challenged by a series of discoveries showing their active and positive contribution to normal brain functions. In light of these discoveries, surveillant microglia are now emerging as an important effector of cellular plasticity in the healthy brain, alongside astrocytes and other types of inflammatory cells. Here, we will review the roles of microglia in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and their regulation by inflammation during chronic stress, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases, with a particular emphasis on their underlying molecular mechanisms and their functional consequences for learning and memory.
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