Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 6, Issue 34, Pages 16690-16698Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c8ta03714k
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21675127]
- Development Project of Qinghai Key Laboratory [2017-ZJ-Y10]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Northwest A&F University of China [2014YB093, 2452015257]
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Extraction of heavy metals from wastewater serves to meet the global challenges of toxic metal waste remediation and valuable metal recycling. Herein, by utilizing a cheap and abundant biowaste of defatted soybean residues as a N-rich biomass precursor, a heteroatom-doped macroporous carbon biosorbent (denoted CKS) was formed through a one-pot pyrolysis method in the presence of potassium oxalate (activating agent) and calcium sulfate (hard template). Increased surface polarity with high sulfur doping (10.73 at%) results in the as-prepared material having a strong affinity for heavy metals due to soft acid-soft base interactions, and the optimized CKS-800 (pyrolyzed at 800 degrees C) shows high selectivity toward Cu2+ and Ni2+ with high distribution coefficients (6.7 x 10(5) mL g(-1) for Cu2+ and 9.8 x 10(4) mL g(-1) for Ni2+). Detailed isotherm studies demonstrate the excellent adsorption capacities of CKS toward Cu2+ (1366.67 mg g(-1)), Ni2+ (1250.21 mg g(-1)) and Pb2+ (619.23 mg g(-1)). Moreover, the prepared CKS-metals (CKS-M) after metal remediation display superior catalytic capability both for organic pollutant degradation with peroxymonosulfate as an oxidant and catalytic reduction of toxic Cr-VI to nontoxic Cr-III with formic acid as a reducing agent. The synergistic effects of crystalline carbon and heteroatom doping render the low-cost hierarchical CKS biomass an effective adsorptive catalysis material for efficient water remediation and sustainable utilization in homogeneous catalysis, which avoids further disposal and valorizes the metal complex itself in a circular economy model for multi-pollutant decontamination.
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