Current progress in understanding the functions of the insect central complex

The central complex is a group of neuropils in the center of the insect brain which performs higher sensory integration. This region is involved in diverse vital behavioral processes including visual processing, motor coordination, orientation and navigation. Little is known of the circuit organization and properties within this region, and we here review recent progress toward a functional understanding of the central complex. Since central complex research is increasingly limited to just a few model systems, we argue that studies of the central complex in species with broad behavioral repertoires and strong navigational capabilities such as bees and ants will aid in determining the functions of this region.