Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 2, Issue 10, Pages 3505-3512Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c3ta14723a
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51001070, 51202145]
- 973 National Project [2011CB922200]
- Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [20120073130001]
- SMC-Chen Xing Young Scholar Award of SJTU
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Novel carbonaceous hybrid materials are fabricated through the in situ growth of open-tipped mesoporous carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on low-cost activated carbon (AC) substrates with cobalt (Co) nanoparticles as the growing seeds via a chemical vapor deposition process. The CNTs are strongly bonded with the surface of the AC supports using the fine Co nanoparticles (<10 nm) as the joints. The unique three-dimensional hybrid architectures enable the resultant materials to exhibit a considerable specific capacitance of up to 440 F g(-1) at 1 A g(-1) as well as an excellent rate performance (97% retention ratio at 5 A g(-1) compared to 1 A g(-1)). In addition, the hybrid materials have an impressive cycling stability with an initial capacitance retention of 98.4% after 3000 cycles at 5 A g(-1). Besides the high specific surface area, such an excellent capacitive performance is mainly attributed to the combination of (i) the well-dispersed open-tipped CNTs (5-12 nm) that could provide more effective ion channels, (ii) the interconnected CNT conducting networks facilitating the transport of electrons, and (iii) superfine Co nanoparticles (3-9 nm) offering pseudocapacitance, indicating the synergistic effect of both the electrical double layer capacitance and pseudocapacitive reactions.
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