Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 2, Issue 34, Pages 14014-14027Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c4ta03050h
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Funding
- University of Notre Dame
- National Science Foundation through MRI award [1126374]
- Center for Environmental Science and Technology at Notre Dame
- Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facilities
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1126374] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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This report describes a versatile method to prepare metal nanoparticles supported on nanoporous carbon (M/NC3) via carbonization and carbothermal reduction (CCR) of metal-coordinated IRMOF-3 materials by post-synthetic modification (PSM) with metal precursors (i.e., Ru, W, V, and Ti). Use of IRMOF materials as templates/carbon sources led to desirable pore characteristics in the resulting materials, including high surface area (S-NLDFT, 900-2000 m(2) g(-1)) coupled with an increased mesoporosity (V-meso/V-pore, 0.72-0.86). Formation of carbide phase metals (V8C7 and TiCxOy) was attained at 1000 degrees C, which is 200-300 degrees C lower than preparation of these carbide phases via conventional impregnation methods. Smaller sized metal nanoparticles were successfully obtained in the M/NC3 materials compared to materials prepared with un-coordinated metal impregnated IRMOF-1 (M/NC1), primarily due to the ability of IRMOF-3 to coordinate with metal precursors via PSM, leading to site isolation and minimization of aggregation of metal nanoparticles during CCR. Moreover, this coordination provided several additional benefits such as formation of ruthenium nanoparticles without encapsulation by carbon shells and formation of a WC1-x phase with enhanced thermal stability. Furthermore, all M/NC3 materials were shown to be highly active catalysts for liquid phase conversion of model compounds and derivatives of lignocellulosic biomass.
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