Modification of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 high potential cathode from the inner lattice to the outer surface with Cr3+-doping and Li+-conductor coating

An approach for simultaneously modifying spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode from the interior to the exterior is demonstrated. Cr3+-doping effectively eliminates the LixNi1-xO impurity phase and improves structural stability. The introduced Li0.1B0.967PO4 coating layer, which acts as an ion-conductor, provides both a favourable Li+ diffusion channel at the intergranular interface and a stable protective shell on the surface of the particles. Because of the combined effect of Cr3+-doping and Li+-conductor coating, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 material exhibits excellent cycle stability and rate performance at high output voltage.