Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 1, Issue 6, Pages 2225-2230Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c2ta01005d
Keywords
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Funding
- EPSRC through the SPECIFIC Innovation and Knowledge Centre [GR/EP/I019278]
- TSB through the SPECIFIC Innovation and Knowledge Centre [GR/EP/I019278]
- Welsh Government through the Solar Photovoltaic Academic Research Consortium (SPARC-Cymru)
- ERDF Low Carbon Research Institute (LCRI) through the Solar Photovoltaic Academic Research Consortium (SPARC-Cymru)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/J002305/1, EP/L010372/1, EP/K000292/1, EP/I019278/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/J002305/1, EP/K000292/1, EP/L010372/1, EP/I019278/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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With the application of near-infrared radiation (NIR), TiO2 films for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) on metallic substrates can be sintered in just 12.5 seconds. The photovoltaic performance of devices made with NIR sintered films match those devices made with conventionally sintered films prepared by heating for 1800 seconds. Here we characterise the electron transport, electron lifetime and phase-morphological properties of ultrafast NIR sintered films, using impedance spectroscopy, transient photovoltage decay and X-ray diffraction measurements. An important factor in NIR processing of TiO2 films is the peak metal temperature (PMT) and we show that during the 12.5 second heat treatment, a PMT of around 635 degrees C gives near identical electron transport, electron lifetime and morphological properties, as well comparable photovoltaic performance to a conventionally sintered (500 degrees C, 30 min) film. We demonstrate that the rapid heating of the TiO2 (to temperatures of up to 785 degrees C) does not lead to a large scale rutile phase transition. As such photovoltaic performance of resultant DSC devices is maintained since the heating period is insufficient to induce a significant transition from anatase to rutile or morphology changes which result in a loss of photocurrent.
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