Bayesian evidence for non-zero θ13 and CP-violation in neutrino oscillations

We present the Bayesian method for evaluating the evidence for a non-zero value of the leptonic mixing angle theta(13) and CP-violation in neutrino oscillation experiments. This is an application of the well-established method of Bayesian model selection, of which we give a concise and pedagogical overview. When comparing the hypothesis theta(13) = 0 with hypotheses where theta(13) > 0 using global data but excluding the recent reactor measurements, we obtain only a weak preference for a non-zero theta(13), even though the significance is over 3 sigma. We then add the reactor measurements one by one and show how the evidence for theta(13) > 0 quickly increases. When including the DOUBLE CHOOZ, DAYA BAY, and RENO data, the evidence becomes overwhelming with a posterior probability of the hypothesis theta(13) = 0 below 10(-11). Owing to the small amount of information on the CP-phase delta, very similar evidences are obtained for the CP-conserving and CP-violating hypotheses. Hence, there is, not unexpectedly, neither evidence for nor against leptonic CP-violation. However, when future experiments aiming to search for CP-violation have started taking data, this question will be of great importance and the method described here can be used as an important complement to standard analyses.