A general class of holographic superconductors

We introduce a simple generalization of the basic holographic superconductor model in which the spontaneous breaking of a global U(1) symmetry occurs via the Stuckelberg mechanism. This more general setting allows tuning features such as the order of the transition. The physical vacuum of the condensed phase and the order of the transition are determined by a detailed analysis of the free energy of the system. For first order transitions, we identify a metastable phase above the critical temperature. In this case, the conductivity shows additional poles, thus suggesting that the condensate has internal structure.