Journal
HEART FAILURE CLINICS
Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 23-38Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2010.08.011
Keywords
Depression; Heart failure; Biobehavioral mechanisms; Cardiovascular; disease
Categories
Funding
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [R0-1 HL079376]
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R01HL079376] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The etiology, predictive value, and biobehavioral aspects of depression in heart failure (HF) are described in this article. Clinically elevated levels of depressive symptoms are present in approximately 1 out of 5 patients with HF. Depression is associated with poor quality of life and a greater than 2-fold risk of clinical HF progression and mortality. The biobehavioral mechanisms accounting for these adverse outcomes include biological processes (elevated neurohormones, autonomic nervous system dysregulation, and inflammation) and adverse health behaviors (physical inactivity, medication nonadherence, poor dietary control, and smoking). Depression often remains undetected because of its partial overlap with HF-related symptoms and lack of systematic screening. Behavioral and pharmacologic antidepressive interventions commonly result in statistically significant but clinically modest improvements in depression and quality of life in HF, but not consistently better clinical HF or cardiovascular disease outcomes. Documentation of the biobehavioral pathways by which depression affects HF progression will be important to identify potential targets for novel integrative behavioral and pharmacologic interventions.
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