Journal
GENOME BIOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/gb-2011-12-4-r40
Keywords
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Funding
- Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- Infrastructures en Biologie Sante et Agronomie (IBISA)
- Junta de Castilla y Leon [GR67]
- MICINN [AGL2008-0512/AGR, AGL2009-13431-C02]
- Austrian Science Foundation [FWF P17895-B06, P20559, T390, P18109-B12, P-19421, V139B20, P-19340]
- French national program PNRB [AANR-07-BIOE-006]
- Ramon y Cajal from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCINN) [RYC-2004-003005]
- Vienna Science and Technology Fund [WWTF LS09-036]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [V 139] Funding Source: researchfish
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Background: Mycoparasitism, a lifestyle where one fungus is parasitic on another fungus, has special relevance when the prey is a plant pathogen, providing a strategy for biological control of pests for plant protection. Probably, the most studied biocontrol agents are species of the genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma. Results: Here we report an analysis of the genome sequences of the two biocontrol species Trichoderma atroviride (teleomorph Hypocrea atroviridis) and Trichoderma virens (formerly Gliocladium virens, teleomorph Hypocrea virens), and a comparison with Trichoderma reesei (teleomorph Hypocrea jecorina). These three Trichoderma species display a remarkable conservation of gene order (78 to 96%), and a lack of active mobile elements probably due to repeat-induced point mutation. Several gene families are expanded in the two mycoparasitic species relative to T. reesei or other ascomycetes, and are overrepresented in non-syntenic genome regions. A phylogenetic analysis shows that T. reesei and T. virens are derived relative to T. atroviride. The mycoparasitism-specific genes thus arose in a common Trichoderma ancestor but were subsequently lost in T. reesei. Conclusions: The data offer a better understanding of mycoparasitism, and thus enforce the development of improved biocontrol strains for efficient and environmentally friendly protection of plants.
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