Journal
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 5, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00170
Keywords
tmRNA; SmpB; ArfA; RF2; ArfB; trans-translation; ribosome rescue; quality control
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Funding
- Quantitative Biology Center - RIKEN
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26710014, 26640134] Funding Source: KAKEN
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During protein synthesis in cells, translating ribosomes may encounter abnormal situations that lead to retention of immature peptidyl-tRNA on the ribosome due to failure of suitable termination processes. Bacterial cells handle such situations by employing three systems that rescue the stalled translation machinery. The transfer messenger RNA/small protein B (tmRNA/SmpB) system, also called the trans-translation system, rescues stalled ribosomes by initiating template switching from the incomplete mRNA to the short open reading frame of tmRNA, leading to the production of a protein containing a C-terminal tag that renders it susceptible to proteolysis. The ArfA/RF2 and ArfB systems rescue stalled ribosomes directly by hydrolyzing the immature peptidyl-tRNA remaining on the ribosome. Here, the biochemical aspects of these systems, as clarified by recent studies, are reviewed.
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