Journal
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 4, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00023
Keywords
cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase; Aspergillus terreus; Aspergillus niger; metabolic engineering; biochemical pathways; microbial organic acid production; industrial microbiology
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Funding
- FHplus (project METORGANIC)
- program Intelligente Produktion (project Lignorefinery)
- Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth (BMWFJ)
- Federal Ministry of Traffic, Innovation and Technology (bmvit)
- Styrian Business Promotion Agency SFG
- Standortagentur Tirol
- ZIT - Technology Agency of the City of Vienna
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Itaconic acid is an unsaturated dicarbonic acid which has a high potential as a biochemical building block, because it can be used as a monomer for the production of a plethora of products including resins, plastics, paints, and synthetic fibers. Some Aspergillus species, like A. itaconicus and A. terreus, show the ability to synthesize this organic acid and A. terreus can secrete significant amounts to the media (>80 g/L). However, compared with the citric acid production process (titers >200 g/L) the achieved titers are still low and the overall process is expensive because purified substrates are required for optimal productivity. Itaconate is formed by the enzymatic activity of a cis-aconitate decarboxylase (CadA) encoded by the cadA gene in A. terreus. Cloning of the cadA gene into the citric acid producing fungus A. niger showed that it is possible to produce itaconic acid also in a different host organism. This review will describe the current status and recent advances in the understanding of the molecular processes leading to the biotechnological production of itaconic acid.
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