Journal
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
Volume 200, Issue 3-4, Pages 197-222Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-009-2054-4
Keywords
Vestibular; Computation; Internal model; Reference frame transformation; Eye movement; Motor control; Sensorimotor; Reafference; Motion estimation
Categories
Funding
- NIH [DC04260, EY12814]
- Fonds de la recherche en sante du Quebec (FRSQ)
- NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE [R01EY012814] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS [R01DC004260] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The vestibular system is vital for motor control and spatial self-motion perception. Afferents from the otolith organs and the semicircular canals converge with optokinetic, somatosensory and motor-related signals in the vestibular nuclei, which are reciprocally interconnected with the vestibulocerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei. Here, we review the properties of the many cell types in the vestibular nuclei, as well as some fundamental computations implemented within this brainstem-cerebellar circuitry. These include the sensorimotor transformations for reflex generation, the neural computations for inertial motion estimation, the distinction between active and passive head movements, as well as the integration of vestibular and proprioceptive information for body motion estimation. A common theme in the solution to such computational problems is the concept of internal models and their neural implementation. Recent studies have shed new insights into important organizational principles that closely resemble those proposed for other sensorimotor systems, where their neural basis has often been more difficult to identify. As such, the vestibular system provides an excellent model to explore common neural processing strategies relevant both for reflexive and for goal-directed, voluntary movement as well as perception.
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