Journal
ECOSPHERE
Volume 4, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER
DOI: 10.1890/ES13-00308.1
Keywords
adaptive behavior; cavity-nesting bee; Megachile campanulae; Megachile rotundata; megachilid bees; nest box; plasticity; polyethylene-based plastic bags; polyurethane-based exterior house sealant; Toronto; Ontario; Canada; trap nest; urban environment
Categories
Funding
- Dr. Packer's NSERC Discovery Grant
- NSERC-CGS
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Plastic waste pervades the global landscape. Although adverse impacts on both species and ecosystems have been documented, there are few observations of behavioral flexibility and adaptation in species, especially insects, to increasingly plastic-rich environments. Here, two species of megachilid bee are described independently using different types of polyurethane and polyethylene plastics in place of natural materials to construct and close brood cells in nests containing successfully emerging brood. The plastics collected by each bee species resembled the natural materials usually sought; Megachile rotundata, which uses cut plant leaves, was found constructing brood cells out of cut pieces of polyethylene-based plastic bags, and Megachile campanulae, which uses plant and tree resins, had brood cells constructed out of a polyurethane-based exterior building sealant. Although perhaps incidentally collected, the novel use of plastics in the nests of bees could reflect ecologically adaptive traits necessary for survival in an increasingly human-dominated environment.
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