Journal
BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
Volume 2014, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
HINDAWI LTD
DOI: 10.1155/2014/648459
Keywords
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Funding
- Beijing Metropolis Beijing Nova Program [2011115]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program) [31170946]
- National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2012AA020502]
- People's Liberation Army 12th Five-Year Plan Period (Key Program) [BWS11J025]
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB518106]
- New Drug Creation of the Special Ministry of Science and Technology
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (Youth Program) [31100696]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (Key Program) [21134004]
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Cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed primarily of the network type II collagen (COLII) and an interlocking mesh of fibrous proteins and proteoglycans (PGs), hyaluronic acid (HA), and chondroitin sulfate (CS). Articular cartilage ECM plays a crucial role in regulating chondrocyte metabolism and functions, such as organized cytoskeleton through integrin-mediated signaling via cell-matrix interaction. Cell signaling through integrins regulates several chondrocyte functions, including differentiation, metabolism, matrix remodeling, responses to mechanical stimulation, and cell survival. The major signaling pathways that regulate chondrogenesis have been identified as wnt signal, nitric oxide (NO) signal, protein kinase C (PKC), and retinoic acid (RA) signal. Integrins are a large family of molecules that are central regulators in multicellular biology. They orchestrate cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesive interactions from embryonic development to mature tissue function. In this review, we emphasize the signaling molecule effect and the biomechanics effect of cartilage ECM on chondrogenesis.
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