Journal
ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Volume 1, Issue 12, Pages 1231-1238Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00261
Keywords
living hybrid biomaterials; cell encapsulation; glycerol modified silanes; bioactivity; cell viability; whole-cell-based biosensors
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Funding
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA 9550-10-1-0054]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering
- Defense Treat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Chem. Bio. Basic Research Program [B0844671, B0947321, B01144531]
- Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program
- U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]
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The remarkable impact encapsulation matrix chemistry can have on the bioactivity and viability of integrated living cells is reported. Two silica chemistries (aqueous silicate and alkoxysilane), and a functional component additive (glycerol), are employed to generate three distinct silica matrices. These matrices are used to encapsulate living E. coli cells engineered with a synthetic riboswitch for cell-based biosensing. Following encapsulation, membrane integrity, reproductive capability, and riboswitch-based protein expression levels and rates are measured over a 5 week period. Striking differences in E. coli bioactivity, viability, and biosensing performance are observed for cells encapsulated within the different matrices. E. coli cells encapsulated for 35 days in aqueous silicate-based (AqS) matrices showed relatively low membrane integrity, but high reproductive capability in comparison to cells encapsulated in glycerol containing sodium silicate-based (AqS + g) and alkoxysilane-based (PGS) gels. Further, cells in sodium silicate-based matrices showed increasing fluorescence output over time, resulting in a 1.8-fold higher fluorescence level, and a faster expression rate, over cells free in solution. This unusual and unique combination of biological properties demonstrates that careful design of the encapsulation matrix chemistry can improve functionality of the biocomposite material, and result in new and unexpected physiological states.
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