Journal
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
Volume 6, Issue 10, Pages 12586-12592Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03356
Keywords
Lignin; Biosourced; Reactive diluents; Styrene replacement; Styrene analog; Sustainable thermosets
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation [IIA-1330840, IIA-1355466]
- ND-EPSCoR
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A concise series of renewable vinyl compounds has been prepared from benign biosourced precursors, vanillin and eugenol, in fair overall yield. These were evaluated against styrene as reactive diluents in a renewable high-performance vinyl ester resin thermoset: dimethacrylated-epoxidized-sucrose-soyate (DMESS). Each diluent contained a 1,2-dimethoxybenzene or veratrole core structure that connotes a decreased vapor pressure and thereby reduced exposure hazard. Viscosities for formulations (10, 20, and 30% by weight of diluents) with styrene and all three veratrole-diluents were evaluated. Veratrole-diluents were comparable to styrene at similar molar concentration. Thermosets formulated with 30% by weight of diluents were prepared and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA); the most promising thermoset was prepared using 3-ally1-1,2-dimethoxy-5-vinylbenzene-diluted-DMESS and closely matched the performance of the styrene-diluted thermoset in terms of thermal stability, glass transition temperature, toughness, and tensile strength.
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