Journal
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages 726-734Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/sc5000539
Keywords
Activated carbon; Porous; Monodispersed silica; Green chemistry; Rice straw utilization
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Funding
- California Rice Research Board [RU-9]
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An efficient three-step process using toluene/ ethanol, NaClO2, and KOH has been successfully devised to isolate pure cellulose from rice straw while generating two filtrates as activated carbon and silica precursors. The NaClO2 dissolution filtrate contains oxidized lignin and hemicellulose as carbon precursors as well as sodium carbonates as activating agents for direct carbonization (800 C) into highly porous (0.90 cm(3)/g), high specific surface area (997 m(2)/g), activated carbon particles (100-500 nm). The KOH dissolution filtrate contains mainly potassium silicate that could be precipitated by dilute acidified poly(ethylene oxide) and calcinated (500 C) to pure, uniformly sized (100-120 nm), nonporous silica nanospheres. Deriving these additional activated carbon and silica particles along with nanocellulose creates advance materials while fully utilizing all major components in rice straw, the highest quantity agricultural crop byproduct in the world.
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