Journal
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
Volume 1, Issue 10, Pages 1286-1294Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/sc400145w
Keywords
Coffee grounds; Coffee oil; Biodiesel; Bio-oil; Biochar; Pyrolysis
Categories
Funding
- United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Illinois
- University of Illinois Research Board
- National Science Foundation Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems [CBET-0746453]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [0746453] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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This study presents the complete utilization of spent coffee grounds to produce biodiesel, bio-oil, and biochar. Lipids extracted from spent grounds were converted to biodiesel. The neat biodiesel and blended (B5 and B20) fuel properties were evaluated against ASTM and EN standards. Although neat biodiesel displayed high viscosity, moisture, sulfur, and poor oxidative stability, B5 and B20 met ASTM blend specifications. Slow pyrolysis of defatted coffee grounds was performed to generate bio-oil and biochar as valuable co-products. The effect of feedstock defatting was assessed through bio-oil analyses including elemental and functional group composition, compound identification, and molecular weight and boiling point distributions. Feedstock defatting reduced pyrolysis bio-oil yields, energy density, and aliphatic functionality, while increasing the number of low-boiling oxygenates. The high bio-oil heteroatom content will likely require upgrading. Additionally, biochar derived from spent and defatted grounds were analyzed for their physicochemical properties. Both biochars displayed similar surface area and elemental constituents. Application of biochar with fertilizer enhanced sorghum-sudangrass yields over 2-fold, indicating the potential of biochar as a soil amendment.
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