Journal
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
Volume 1, Issue 9, Pages 1075-1082Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/sc400090a
Keywords
Birch sap; Carbohydrates; Seasonal variation; Mechanical compression; UV-vis spectroscopy
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Funding
- Tekes (The Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation)
- UPM-Kymmene Wood Oy
- Tikkurila Oyj
- Stora Enso Timber Oy
- Dynea Chemicals Oy
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This study investigated the color development in fresh birch xylem sap (Betula pendula) squeezed by mechanical compression, which was not seen in birch exudate and squeezed spruce sap. Altering the pH of the colored xylem sap demonstrated distinctive patterns of light absorption bands which suggested the formation of quinonoid intermediates by the enzymatic activity of polyphenol oxidases (PPO). Comparison with other PPOs by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) suggested the presence of the enzyme in the sap. The major phenol which acts as a substrate for PPO was identified as (-)epicatechin. Inhibition of the color development was also attempted using Na2SO3, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and N-2 gas. The results showed that Na2SO3 was the most effective inhibitor. Knowledge on the differences between squeezed and exuded sap is important because squeezing can be envisaged as a pretreatment step for any process such as a biorefinery that utilizes biomass and has the advantage of utilizing trees that have recently been felled.
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