Journal
WATER
Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 101-119Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/w2010101
Keywords
black water; anaerobic treatment; UASB reactor; sanitation; separation at source
Categories
Funding
- Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs
- European Union Regional Development Fund
- Province of Fryslan
- City of Leeuwarden
- EZ/Kompas program of the 'Samenwerkingsverband Noord-Nederland
- Separation at Source
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This research describes the feasibility of applying a UASB reactor for the treatment of concentrated black (toilet) water at 25 degrees C. On average 78% of the influent load of COD at an HRT of 8.7 days was removed. Produced methane can be converted to 56 MJ/p/y as electricity and 84 MJ/p/y as heat by combined heat and power (CHP). Minimum reactor volume at full scale was calculated to be 63L per person (for black water containing 16 gCOD/L produced at 5 L/p/d) and this is more than two times smaller than other type of reactors for anaerobic treatment of concentrated black water.
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