Journal
TOXINS
Volume 4, Issue 11, Pages 1404-1414Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/toxins4111404
Keywords
dystonia; blepharospasm; Meige syndrome; writer's cramp; botulinum toxin; physiology
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Funding
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health
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The safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin for the treatment of focal hand and cranial dystonias are well-established. Studies of these adult-onset focal dystonias reveal both shared features, such as the dystonic phenotype of muscle hyperactivity and overflow muscle contraction and divergent features, such as task specificity in focal hand dystonia which is not a common feature of cranial dystonia. The physiologic effects of botulinum toxin in these 2 disorders also show both similarities and differences. This paper compares and contrasts the physiology of focal hand and cranial dystonias and of botulinum toxin in the management of these disorders.
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