Journal
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
Volume 130, Issue 1, Pages 107-118Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1418-z
Keywords
Interferon-beta; Interferon-alpha; Microglia; Macrophages; Poly I:C; EAE
Categories
Funding
- Danish Agency for Science Technology and Innovation
- University of Southern Denmark
- Danish Council for Health Research
- Lundbeckfonden
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Society
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The Type I interferons (IFN), beta (IFN-beta) and the alpha family (IFN-alpha), act through a common receptor and have anti-inflammatory effects. IFN-beta is used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) and is effective against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS. Mice with EAE show elevated levels of Type I IFNs in the central nervous system (CNS), suggesting a role for endogenous Type I IFN during inflammation. However, the therapeutic benefit of Type I IFN produced in the CNS remains to be established. The aim of this study was to examine whether experimentally induced CNS-endogenous Type I IFN influences EAE. Using IFN-beta reporter mice, we showed that direct administration of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a potent inducer of IFN-beta, into the cerebrospinal fluid induced increased leukocyte numbers and transient upregulation of IFN-beta in CD45/CD11b-positive cells located in the meninges and choroid plexus, as well as enhanced IFN-beta expression by parenchymal microglial cells. Intrathecal injection of poly I:C to mice showing first symptoms of EAE substantially increased the normal disease-associated expression of IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, interferon regulatory factor-7 and IL-10 in CNS, and disease worsening was prevented for as long as IFN-alpha/beta was expressed. In contrast, there was no therapeutic effect on EAE in poly I:C-treated IFN receptor-deficient mice. IFN-dependent microglial and astrocyte response included production of the chemokine CXCL10. These results show that Type I IFN induced within the CNS can play a protective role in EAE and highlight the role of endogenous type I IFN in mediating neuroprotection.
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