Journal
REMOTE SENSING
Volume 6, Issue 6, Pages 5795-5814Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/rs6065795
Keywords
Gabor filter; hyperspectral image classification; spectral-spatial analysis; kernel extreme learning machine; multihypothesis (MH) prediction
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41201341, 61302164]
- Key Laboratory of Satellite Mapping Technology and Application, National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation [KLSMTA-201301]
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Engineering Surveying of National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation [TJES1301]
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Extreme learning machine (ELM) is a single-layer feedforward neural network based classifier that has attracted significant attention in computer vision and pattern recognition due to its fast learning speed and strong generalization. In this paper, we propose to integrate spectral-spatial information for hyperspectral image classification and exploit the benefits of using spatial features for the kernel based ELM (KELM) classifier. Specifically, Gabor filtering and multihypothesis (MH) prediction preprocessing are two approaches employed for spatial feature extraction. Gabor features have currently been successfully applied for hyperspectral image analysis due to the ability to represent useful spatial information. MH prediction preprocessing makes use of the spatial piecewise-continuous nature of hyperspectral imagery to integrate spectral and spatial information. The proposed Gabor-filtering-based KELM classifier and MH-prediction-based KELM classifier have been validated on two real hyperspectral datasets. Classification results demonstrate that the proposed methods outperform the conventional pixel-wise classifiers as well as Gabor-filtering-based support vector machine (SVM) and MH-prediction-based SVM in challenging small training sample size conditions.
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