Journal
REMOTE SENSING
Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 1-23Publisher
MDPI AG
DOI: 10.3390/rs70100001
Keywords
artificial light; energy; international space station; light pollution; night; remote sensing; visible band
Categories
Funding
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [BMBF-033L038A]
- Berlin Senate Department for Economics, Technology and Research (Lichtimmissionen im offentlichen Raum)
- FPU grant (Formacion de Profesorado Universitario) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCINN)
- Spanish Network for Light Pollution Studies [AYA2011-15808-E]
- [AYA2012-31277]
- [AYA2013-46724-P]
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Images of the Earth at night are an exceptional source of human geographical data, because artificial light highlights human activity in a way that daytime scenes do not. The quality of such imagery dramatically improved in 2012 with two new spaceborne detectors. The higher resolution and precision of the data considerably expands the scope of possible applications. In this paper, we introduce the two new data sources and discuss their potential limitations using three case studies. Data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day-Night Band (VIIRS DNB) is shown to have sufficient resolution to identify major sources of waste light, such as airports, and we find considerable variation in the peak radiance of the world's largest airports. Nighttime imagery brings cultural footprints to light: DNB data reveals that American cities emit many times more light per capita than German cities and that cities in the former East of Germany emit more light per capita than those in the former West. Photographs from the International Space Station, the second new source of imagery, provide some limited spectral information, as well as street-level resolution. These images may be of greater use for epidemiological studies than the lower resolution DNB data.
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