Journal
POLYMERS
Volume 10, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/polym10101070
Keywords
bioadhesives; wood composites; spent sulfite liquor; wheat flour
Categories
Funding
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (COMPETE2020-Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (POCI))
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT)
- project LEPABE-2-ECO-INNOVATION [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000005]
- Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020) under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement through the ERDF
- [POCI-01-0247-FEDER-003489]
- [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006939]
- [UID/EQU/00511/2013]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [UID/EQU/00511/2013] Funding Source: FCT
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Currently, the majority of binders used in wood particleboard (PB) manufacturing are formaldehyde-based synthetic resins. Because of the toxicity of formaldehyde, there is a strong demand for eco-friendly alternatives with similar performances and economic viability. In this work, thick spent sulfite liquor (TSSL), an industrial byproduct from sulfite pulp mills, is proposed as a binder for fully bio-based PBs. The results showed that PBs bound with TSSL present appropriate mechanical performance, which was further improved when TSSL was combined with wheat flour at an 84:16 dry weight ratio and preheated to 94 degrees C prior to application. For 13.2% binder content per dry wood weight, the PB internal bond strength was 0.46 N mm(-2), which is above the standard requirements for PB type P2 (0.35 N mm(-2)). Optical microscopy showed that TSSL hinders the gelatinization of starch granules during preheating, allowing the binder mixture to maintain a low viscosity suitable for combination with wood particles and PB production.
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