Journal
POLYMERS
Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 296-315Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/polym4010296
Keywords
carbon nanotubes; atomic nitrogen; primary amine grafting; microwave plasma; XPS
Categories
Funding
- Region Wallonne
- European Community
- Fonds pour la recherche en Industrie et en Agriculture (FRIA)
- Wallonia Region
- Belgian Federal Science Office [IUAP06/27, IUAP06/8]
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A novel strategy to graft functional groups at the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is discussed. Aiming at grafting nitrogen containing groups, and more specifically primary amine covalent functionalization, CNTs were exposed under atomic nitrogen flow arising from an Ar + N-2 microwave plasma. The primary amine functions were identified and quantified through chemical derivatization with 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde and characterized through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The increase of the selectivity in the primary amines grafting onto CNTs, up to 66.7% for treatment of CNT powder, was performed via the reduction of post-treatment oxygen contamination and the addition of hydrogen in the experimental set-up, more particularly in the plasma post-discharge chamber. The analyses of nitrogenated and primary amine functions grafting on the CNT surface suggest that atomic nitrogen (N center dot) and reduced nitrogen species (NH center dot and NH2 center dot) react preferentially with defect sites of CNTs and, then, only atomic nitrogen continues to react on the CNT surface, creating defects.
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