4.7 Article

Genomic Analysis Reveals a Potential Role for Cell Cycle Perturbation in HCV-Mediated Apoptosis of Cultured Hepatocytes

Journal

PLOS PATHOGENS
Volume 5, Issue 1, Pages -

Publisher

PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000269

Keywords

-

Funding

  1. Canadian Association for the Study of Liver (CASL)
  2. National Institutes of Health [5R01CA074131, 5R01A1049168, 5U19AI48214, 1P30DA01562501, 1R37DA004334, R01DA12568]
  3. Greenberg Medical Research Institute [R01DA16078, R01CA57973, 5P01AI058113-050006, 5P30DA015625-07, 5R01HL080621-03, 5R21AI071892-02]
  4. Starr Foundation [U19AI040034]
  5. CASL fellowship
  6. NRSA fellowship [DK70497]
  7. NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [R01CA057973, R01CA074131] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
  8. NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R01HL080621] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
  9. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [R21AI071892, U19AI048214, P01AI058113, U19AI040034] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
  10. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [F32DK070497] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
  11. NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE [R37DA004334, R01DA012568, P30DA015625, R01DA016078] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER

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The mechanisms of liver injury associated with chronic HCV infection, as well as the individual roles of both viral and host factors, are not clearly defined. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that direct cytopathic effects, in addition to immune-mediated processes, play an important role in liver injury. Gene expression profiling during multiple time-points of acute HCV infection of cultured Huh-7.5 cells was performed to gain insight into the cellular mechanism of HCV-associated cytopathic effect. Maximal induction of cell-death-related genes and appearance of activated caspase-3 in HCV-infected cells coincided with peak viral replication, suggesting a link between viral load and apoptosis. Gene ontology analysis revealed that many of the cell-death genes function to induce apoptosis in response to cell cycle arrest. Labeling of dividing cells in culture followed by flow cytometry also demonstrated the presence of significantly fewer cells in S-phase in HCV-infected relative to mock cultures, suggesting HCV infection is associated with delayed cell cycle progression. Regulation of numerous genes involved in anti-oxidative stress response and TGF-b1 signaling suggest these as possible causes of delayed cell cycle progression. Significantly, a subset of cell-death genes regulated during in vitro HCV infection was similarly regulated specifically in liver tissue from a cohort of HCV-infected liver transplant patients with rapidly progressive fibrosis. Collectively, these data suggest that HCV mediates direct cytopathic effects through deregulation of the cell cycle and that this process may contribute to liver disease progression. This in vitro system could be utilized to further define the cellular mechanism of this perturbation.

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