Journal
PLOS BIOLOGY
Volume 7, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000159
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Funding
- Lister Institute Research Prize for Preventive Medicine
- Royal Society
- Medical Research Council [G0500563]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/D011663/1]
- Wolfson Royal Society Research Merit Award
- Volkswagen-Foundation [I/77 472]
- German Ministry for Education and Research [13N9127]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/D011663/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G0500563] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/D011663/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- MRC [G0500563] Funding Source: UKRI
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Natural killer (NK) cells discern the health of other cells by recognising the balance of activating and inhibitory ligands expressed by each target cell. However, how the integration of activating and inhibitory signals relates to formation of the NK cell immune synapse remains a central question in our understanding of NK cell recognition. Here we report that ligation of LFA-1 on NK cells induced asymmetrical cell spreading and migration. In contrast, ligation of the activating receptor NKG2D induced symmetrical spreading of ruffled lamellipodia encompassing a dynamic ring of f-actin, concurrent with polarization towards a target cell and a stop signal. Ligation of both LFA-1 and NKG2D together resulted in symmetrical spreading but co-ligation of inhibitory receptors reverted NK cells to an asymmetrical migratory configuration leading to inhibitory synapses being smaller and more rapidly disassembled. Using micropatterned activating and inhibitory ligands, signals were found to be continuously and locally integrated during spreading. Together, these data demonstrate that NK cells spread to form large, stable, symmetrical synapses if activating signals dominate, whereas asymmetrical migratory kinapses are favoured if inhibitory signals dominate. This clarifies how the integration of activating and inhibitory receptor signals is translated to an appropriate NK cell response.
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