Journal
MRS COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 23-26Publisher
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1557/mrc.2011.9
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Funding
- US Department of Energy (DOE)
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences: Center for Inverse Design (CID) [DE-AC36-08GO28308]
- Center for Interface Science: Solar-Electric Materials (CIS: SEM) [DE-SC0001084]
- US DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
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Co3O4-based spinels are a new class of wide-band-gap p-type conductive oxides with high work functions. We examined the structures, conductivities, work functions, and optical spectra of quaternary Zn-Ni-Co-O thin films across the entire spinel region of the ZnO-NiO-Co3O4 diagram using a high-throughput combinatorial approach. We found that the conductivity of as-deposited films is maximized (100 S/cm) and optical absorption (at 1.8 eV) is minimized in different regions of the diagram, while the work function of annealed films is high and relatively constant (5.8 +/- 0.1 eV). These properties made Zn-Ni-Co-O thin films applicable as p-type interlayers in solar cells. As an example, amorphous Zn-Co-O hole transport layers had good performance in bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices.
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