Journal
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
Volume -, Issue 99, Pages -Publisher
JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
DOI: 10.3791/52454
Keywords
Medicine; Issue 99; Piglet; swine; neonatal; hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE); asphyxia; hypoxia; amplitude integrated EEG (aEEG); neuroscience; brain injury
Categories
Funding
- Lundbeck Foundation
- Laerdal Foundation for Acute Medicine
- Central Denmark Region's Research Foundation
- Augustinus Foundation
- Aase and Ejnar Danielsens Foundation
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Hospital
- Brodrene Hartmanns Foundation
- Karen Elise Jensens Foundation
- Fonden til Laegevidenskabens Fremme
- Marie Dorthea og Holger From, Haderslevs Fond
- Lundbeck Foundation [R77-2010-6850] Funding Source: researchfish
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Birth asphyxia, which causes hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), accounts for 0.66 million deaths worldwide each year, about a quarter of the world's 2.9 million neonatal deaths. Animal models of HIE have contributed to the understanding of the pathophysiology in HIE, and have highlighted the dynamic process that occur in brain injury due to perinatal asphyxia. Thus, animal studies have suggested a time-window for post-insult treatment strategies. Hypothermia has been tested as a treatment for HIE in pdiglet models and subsequently proven effective in clinical trials. Variations of the model have been applied in the study of adjunctive neuroprotective methods and piglet studies of xenon and melatonin have led to clinical phase I and II trials(1,2). The piglet HIE model is further used for neonatal resuscitation-and hemodynamic studies as well as in investigations of cerebral hypoxia on a cellular level. However, it is a technically challenging model and variations in the protocol may result in either too mild or too severe brain injury. In this article, we demonstrate the technical procedures necessary for establishing a stable piglet model of neonatal HIE. First, the newborn piglet (< 24 hr old, median weight 1500 g) is anesthetized, intubated, and monitored in a setup comparable to that found in a neonatal intensive care unit. Global hypoxia-ischemia is induced by lowering the inspiratory oxygen fraction to achieve global hypoxia, ischemia through hypotension and a flat trace amplitude integrated EEG (aEEG) indicative of cerebral hypoxia. Survival is promoted by adjusting oxygenation according to the aEEG response and blood pressure. Brain injury is quantified by histopathology and magnetic resonance imaging after 72 hr.
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