Journal
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 67-75Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.4161/hv.8.1.18419
Keywords
intradermal; influenza vaccine; micro injection system; safety; tolerability; acceptability; immunogenicity
Categories
Funding
- GSK
- Pfizer
- Sanofi Pasteur
- Crucell Berna
- Novartis Vaccines
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Among the several strategies explored for (1) the enhancement of the immune response to influenza immunization, (2) the improvement of the vaccine acceptability and (3) the overcoming of the egg-dependency for vaccine production, intradermal administration of influenza vaccine emerges as a promising alternative to conventional intramuscular route, thanks to the recent availability of new delivery devices and the perception of advantages in terms of immunogenicity, safety, reduction of antigen content and acceptability. Data from clinical trials performed in children, adults, <60 y and elderly people and post-marketing surveillance demonstrate that actually, licensed intradermal influenza vaccines, Intanza (TM) 9 and 15 mu g and Fluzone (TM) Intradermal, administered by the microinjection system Soluvia (TM), show an excellent acceptability, tolerability and safety profile. Formulations containing 9 and 15 mu g per strain demonstrate, respectively, comparable and superior immunogenicity than conventional intramuscular vaccines. Licensed intradermal influenza vaccines can be considered a valid alternative to standard intramuscular vaccination offering significant advantages in low-responder populations and helping to increase influenza vaccination coverage rates especially in people with fear of needles or high apprehension associated with annual vaccination.
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