Journal
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
Volume 8, Issue 18, Pages 9241-9258Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4343
Keywords
bottlenose dolphins; connectivity; MPAs; photo-identification; population structure
Categories
Funding
- Crawford Hayes Fund
- Beaufort Marine Research Award in Fish Population Genetics - Irish Government under the Sea Change Programme
- BIOCET project (EU)
- Heritage Council of Ireland
- H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions [663830]
- Welsh Government and Higher Education Funding Council for Wales through the Ser Cymru National Research Network for Low Carbon, Energy and Environment
- National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Culture, Heritage
- Gaeltacht
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The functioning of marine protected areas (MPAs) designated for marine megafauna has been criticized due to the high mobility and dispersal potential of these taxa. However, dispersal within a network of small MPAs can be beneficial as connectivity can result in increased effective population size, maintain genetic diversity, and increase robustness to ecological and environmental changes making populations less susceptible to stochastic genetic and demographic effects (i.e., Allee effect). Here, we use both genetic and photo-identification methods to quantify gene flow and demographic dispersal between MPAs of a highly mobile marine mammal, the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus. We identify three populations in the waters of western Ireland, two of which have largely nonoverlapping core coastal home ranges and are each strongly spatially associated with specific MPAs. We find high site fidelity of individuals within each of these two coastal populations to their respective MPA. We also find low levels of demographic dispersal between the populations, but it remains unclear whether any new gametes are exchanged between populations through these migrants (genetic dispersal). The population sampled in the Shannon Estuary has a low estimated effective population size and appears to be genetically isolated. The second coastal population, sampled outside of the Shannon, may be demographically and genetically connected to other coastal subpopulations around the coastal waters of the UK. We therefore recommend that the methods applied here should be used on a broader geographically sampled dataset to better assess this connectivity.
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